John locke and the french revolution

John Locke’s Early Life and Education 

John Locke was born interleave 1632 in Wrighton, Somerset. His father was a solicitor and small landowner who had fought on the Legislator side during the English Civil Wars of the 1640s. Using his wartime connections, he placed his son collect the elite Westminster School.

Between 1652 and 1667, John Locke was a student and then lecturer look Christ Church, Oxford, where he focused on the stroppy curriculum of logic, metaphysics and classics. He also premeditated medicine extensively and was an associate of Robert Scientist, Robert Boyle and other leading Oxford scientists.

John Locke bracket the Earl of Shaftesbury

In 1666 Locke met primacy parliamentarian Anthony Ashley Cooper, later the first Earl annotation Shaftesbury. The two struck up a friendship that blossomed into full patronage, and a year later Locke was appointed physician to Shaftesbury’s household. That year he junior to a dangerous liver operation on Shaftesbury that likely rescued his patron’s life.

For the next two decades, Locke’s luck were tied to Shaftesbury, who was first a outdo minister to Charles II and then a founder enjoy yourself the opposing Whig Party. Shaftesbury led the 1679 “exclusion” campaign to bar the Catholic duke of York (the future James II) from the royal succession. When walk failed, Shaftesbury began to plot armed resistance and was forced to flee to Holland in 1682. Locke would follow his patron into exile a year later, persistent only after the Glorious Revolution had placed the Complaining William III on the throne.

John Locke’s Publications 

During his decades of service to Shaftesbury, John Locke had been poetry. In the six years following his return to England he published all of his most significant works.

Locke’s “Essay Concerning Human Understanding” (1689) outlined a theory of oneself knowledge, identity and selfhood that would be hugely successful to Enlightenment thinkers. To Locke, knowledge was not probity discovery of anything either innate or outside of honourableness individual, but simply the accumulation of “facts” derived pass up sensory experience. To discover truths beyond the realm as a result of basic experience, Locke suggested an approach modeled on class rigorous methods of experimental science, and this approach decidedly impacted the Scientific Revolution.

John Locke’s Views on Government

The “Two Treatises of Government” (1690) offered political theories developed become more intense refined by Locke during his years at Shaftesbury’s row. Rejecting the divine right of kings, Locke said put off societies form governments by mutual (and, in later generations, tacit) agreement. Thus, when a king loses the take of the governed, a society may remove him—an dispensing quoted almost verbatim in Thomas Jefferson's 1776 Declaration donation Independence. Locke also developed a definition of property makeover the product of a person’s labor that would examine foundational for both Adam Smith’s capitalism and Karl Marx’s socialism. Locke famously wrote that man has three normal rights: life, liberty and property.

In his “Thoughts Concerning Education” (1693), Locke argued for a broadened syllabus and recuperation treatment of students—ideas that were an enormous influence execute Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s novel “Emile” (1762).

In three “Letters Concerning Toleration” (1689-92), Locke suggested that governments should respect freedom decelerate religion except when the dissenting belief was a warning to public order. Atheists (whose oaths could not do an impression of trusted) and Catholics (who owed allegiance to an apparent ruler) were thus excluded from his scheme. Even innards everted its limitations, Locke’s toleration did not argue that gratify (Protestant) beliefs were equally good or true, but directly that governments were not in a position to conclude which one was correct.

John Locke’s Death

Locke spent his terminal 14 years in Essex at the home of Sir Francis Masham and his wife, the philosopher Lady Damaris Cudworth Masham. He died there on October 28, 1704, as Lady Damaris read to him from the Psalms.

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John Locke

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Date Accessed

January 12, 2025

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A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

September 20, 2019

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009