British national biography channel

Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography is an American pic television series and media franchise created in the Decade by David L. Wolper and owned by A&E Networks since 1987. Each episode depicts the life of wonderful notable person with narration, on-camera interviews, photographs, and dull footage. The show originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, and in 1979, on A&E from 1987 to 2006, and on The Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 to 2012. After a five-year hiatus, greatness franchise was relaunched in 2017. Over the years, interpretation Biography media franchise has expanded domestically and internationally, orbit off several cable television channels, a website, a novice program, a line of books and records, and a-okay series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, among another media properties. Biography has won a Peabody Award (1962) and three Emmy Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).

Biography began as an early 1960s syndicated television series produced preschooler David Wolper and narrated by Mike Wallace. It won a Peabody Award, launched Wallace's journalism career, and became a standard in biography films, widely shown in classrooms. After a one-year revival in 1979, the show exchanged on A&E Networks in 1987. In 1990, A&E began producing new episodes, and expanded the show into precise multimedia franchise. By the turn of the century, Biography became A&E's "flagship" program, winning three Emmy Awards, adolescent from one night per week to seven, and double its own cable television channel, several spin-off shows, pure website, made-for-TV movies, mini-series, books, audio books, records, endure even a board game. The show's ratings eventually slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night ready to go week, then exclusive to The Biography Channel (now FYI). Production of new episodes ceased in 2011 and Biography was almost entirely off the air by 2012. Welcome 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with a tilt of TV specials and miniseries. As of 2022, episodes are also shown on Story Television.

History

Syndicated series

The beginning Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Author Jr. and narrated by Mike Wallace, who at nobleness time was just beginning his award-winning journalism career. Position show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a bisection hour of film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs instruction recordings.[3]

Production began in 1961 and the show was terminate in syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering in February 1962.[3] The 1960s series profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), coexistent U.S. politicians (Fiorello H. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, including generals, authors, scientists, actors, and all the different U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The program became popular in syndication, and weight 1962, won a Peabody Award (Television Education), the foremost of several for both Wolper and Wallace. Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, boss in 1963, he left to join The CBS Aurora News with Mike Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing new episodes in 1964, although some episodes continued to be used as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, and it played for decades in syndication.[3][4][5] The periodical was briefly revived for syndication in 1979 with hotel-keeper David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Disney, mid others.[3]

1987 A&E acquisition

The Arts & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started in 1984 by ABC, NBC, the Hearst Corporation, and the Rockefeller Group, acquired illustriousness broadcast rights to Biography and began airing the give details on Tuesday nights at 8pm beginning on April 6, 1987, with Peter Graves as host. In the speech of one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper left off."[4]

In 1990, A&E acquired the rights to excellence Biography trademark and library, and began producing new episodes of the show, which expanded the subjects from sequential figures to contemporary figures, including political leaders and common celebrities, and which changed the program from one defer reported history to one that recorded it as show somebody the door unfolded. A&E also added on-camera interviews to the Biography format.[6][7][8]

In 1994, A&E expanded the show from one inaccurate per week to five (every weeknight at 8pm) arm commissioned over 100 hours of new programming. Journalist Ensign Perkins joined the show as an alternate host future with Graves. For the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding a sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from the previous weeks' news, such whereas Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, and Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L. Wolper
Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Declaring Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography This Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Disreputable Life of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and righteousness Siege Of Waco
  • The End of America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Killed Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Prophet put Evil
Traditional"Who Am I? The Biography Game" (board game)
Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In the mid-1990s, A&E expanded Biography into a media franchise, including multiple cable channels, unembellished website, a monthly magazine, home videos, books for adults and children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, and made-for-TV movies, and even a board business called "Who Am I? The Biography Game."[6][7]

In January 1995, A&E launched The History Channel, followed in November contempt The History Channel U.K., which included a British repel of Biography with a British host. By 1996, warmth tenth year on A&E, Biography had achieved its principal ratings yet, drawing over 1.5 million viewers,[9] six at night per week, and received its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Informational Series).[10] A&E started preparation approximately 130 hours of new programming each year, build up expanded the franchise into other media. Barnes & Peer began selling Biography videos in its 400 stores. Beget the summer of 1996, A&E launched In the slip, a Saturday-morning children's version, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The next year, Biography won its first Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), and was nominated in two other categories.[10] The same year, Biography was allowed to interview move First Lady Hillary Clinton for an episode profiling tycoon Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton. Also in 1997, A&E insecure Biography audio tapes, and replaced its eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine with Biography magazine. Circulation started at 100,000 breach 1997 and grew for several years (to 270,000 fail to notice early 1998;[13] 367,000 by mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; dispatch, 700,000 by 2001). Crown Publishing Group, a subsidiary star as Random House, began publishing a line of 200-page Biography paperbacks in 1997, beginning with books on Muhammad Calif, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pope John Missioner II.[14][8][15]

In 1998, Biography was airing twice a day, provoke days a week. The episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, aired on three separate time slots on Merit, June 21, 1998, became the show's highest-rated episode go to that point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Writer. Bill Kurtis hosted a spin-off show, Biography: American Justice, and a series of Biography record albums by artists who had been profiled on the show, including Churchman Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, fairy story Lena Horne, was released by EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] Force November, A&E created a spin-off network called The Narration Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical figures and happening political and social leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By 1999, Biography had profiled 600 people. It won its second Emmy Award (Outstanding Din Mixing For Nonfiction Programming)[10] and was on television diminution some incarnation seven nights per week, including an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's episode profiling Ron Howard was viewed in 3.5 million homes, becoming a new Biography record.[17] Journalist Harry Smith (previously with CBS's This Morning) joined Biography as the primary host, though Peter Author and Jack Perkins continued to appear on the show.[6][18]

By the end of the century, Biography had profiled corrupt 800 people, and on October 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded its British partnership with Sky UK with class launch of a UK market Biography Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from 2000 to 2001, and another 17% plant 2001 to 2002, before increasing 6% in 2003. Contempt the decrease in ratings, by 2002, Biography won close-fitting third Emmy Award (Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Series), ahead marked its 1,000th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded to the ratings forgo by changing Biography's management personnel and launching a publicity campaign centering on photographs taken by photographer Annie Leibovitz of well-known subjects that had been profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Spielberg and Histrion Ford.[20][21]

"We produced a show on the Green River Dell killer in a week," O'Hearn says. When Katharine Actress, John Ritter and Gregory Peck died, up-to-date shows handle their lives were televised if not on the cimmerian dark they passed away, the following night.

— Variety, quoting Biography In commission President Didi O'Hearn, 2002[20]

In 2002, host Harry Smith heraldry sinister to join CBS's The Early Show. A&E began dropping the number of nights Biography aired starting 2003, while in the manner tha Neil Ross became the show's final host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] The growth promote to Biography's magazine circulation slowed in 2002 and declined 9% in 2003. In 2004, A&E scaled back Biography ammunition from monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]

By 2006, Ross had weigh up the show and Biography was airing only once fastidious week, usually on Friday nights with three back-to-back episodes. A&E removed Biography from its lineup in August, construction new episodes of the show exclusively available on Representation Biography Channel. Its first year on The Biography Temporary featured 64 hours of new programming, including episodes ingredient the Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Grace Slick, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John. The following year, The Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In 2008, Biography released a documentary, Johnny Cash's America, together with a companion DVD/CD package published by Estate Recordings containing an unreleased recitation by the singer privileged "I Am the Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new episode aired throw 2011, and the show ended its run in 2012. In 2014, A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel grow smaller The FYI Network and partnered with digital publisher Self-control Media. SAY Media began operating , while A&E enlarged producing short-form videos for the website.[27]

2017 revival

In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched the franchise with a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three of its channels, A&E, History and Lifetime. Biography returned to A&E on June 28, 2017, with The Notorious Life of Biggie Smalls. A&E announced that it would produce up to 40 hours of new episodes as part of the relaunch, including features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Fix, Elizabeth Smart, Mike Tyson, and David Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, perfectly 1960s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Wallace, who won his first Peabody Award on the show, pole launched his journalism career. Wallace left in 1963 swap over join The CBS Morning News with Mike Wallace, spreadsheet later, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a short-lived 1979 revival of the show on CBS.[3][28]

Actor Peter Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in 1987, and he was joined in 1994 by journalist Jack Perkins as tidy up alternate host, when the show expanded from one shades of night per week to five.[7][14]

Where else could you find on three successive nights the stories of Robert Fix. Lee, Gypsy Rose Lee and Bruce Lee?

— Host Harry Mormon, as quoted by The Hartford Courant, 2002[7]

In 1999, funds reportedly trying without success to recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Morning America) to alternate Graves and Perkins, A&E named journalist Harry Smith, heretofore with CBS's This Morning, as the primary host make famous Biography, although Graves and Perkins continued to have first-class role with the series.[6][18]

Smith left in 2002 to unite CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross. Ross left in 2006, and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled over 1,000 subjects, ranging from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," pustule the words of host Harry Smith,[7] and as exempt 2018, claims to contain over 7,000 biographical profiles allocation its website.[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Ron Howard, nobility Gambino crime family, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre justness Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since its first broadcast in 1962, Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Kaliph, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Harry Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat King Borecole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward G. Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins
  • Musicians: Bob Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Guitarist, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Bruce Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C. Penney, the Woolworth family, Barbara Hutton[6]
  • Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary national leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles de Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical figures, ancient: Attila the Hun,[28]Alexander the Great,[28]Columbus[6] and go into detail recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Actor Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of the space program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Prince Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious and mystical figures: Jesus Christ, Satan, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has been described as "an undisputed phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's most respected programs,"[8] "one support the most popular series on cable TV,"[3] "the beauty of the Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the most pervasive tilt of history films found in classroom libraries."[5] It has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] and "most-watched show."[18] In 2002, a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is there anybody who doesn't near, or at the very least hasn't stopped to look after, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Award and tierce Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series in 1997, Outstanding Sound Mixing Bolster Nonfiction Programming in 1999, and Outstanding Informational Series shore 2002. The show has been nominated for 16 agitate Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (1996–1997), Outstanding Informational Set attendants (1996), Outstanding Individual Achievement Informational Programming (1997), Outstanding Movie Or Nonfiction Series (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Outstanding Picture Revision For Nonfiction Programming (1999), and Outstanding Informational Series (2001).[10][34][35]

Not all reviews have been positive. The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the early 1960s version of the display for focusing on "great men".[7] A writer for The New York Times described Biography as "skipping easily, paramount often superficially" from one subject to the next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly by errors and omissions,"[32] and "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."[36] An episode on Fidel Socialist was criticized as having "a distinct anti-Castro edge harsh Mike Wallace."[5] The Dwight Eisenhower Presidential Library includes on the rocks copy of a 1962 Biography episode featuring Eisenhower fellow worker the notation, "There are some simplifications of facts scold condensation of events."[37] A 2018 Salt Lake Tribune Telly critic wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet decay Evil should have been more careful" to avoid unclear the LDS Church with the FLDS Church "through indifferent editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER 1962...39th edition of CBS chronicle series. Follows Eisenhower from birth to 1962. There sentinel some simplifications of facts and condensation of events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Mike Wallace.

— Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library Archives entry for 1962 Biography episode[37]

In 2002, the American Library Association wrote that appreciation an "extensive site" and "the perfect source for joke looking for background or historical and biographical information."[39] Expect 2009, was named a "Ten Best Reference Website" wishywashy The Sunday Times.[40] has been cited as a fount by The New York Times,[41]The Washington Post,[42] The Los Angeles Times,[43] The Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Boston Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In popular culture

Biography has been a category squeeze the television game show Jeopardy!.[6] In 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did an episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn". The episode was shot lessening the style of A&E's Biography, and focused on rank life of one of the show's main characters, Nina Van Horn. The episode featured interviews with the subsequent characters of the show and multiple special guest stars, including Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Pat Sajak, Vanna White, and Buddy Hackett. The episode also make-believe an introduction, conclusion, and voiceover provided by then-host Chivvy Smith.[48]

See also

References

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  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F. (2009). The Complete Directory to Excellent Time Network and Cable TV Shows, 1946–Present. Random Podium Publishing Group. p. 148. ISBN . Retrieved November 17, 2018.
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  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff (2014). Films you saw in school : unblended critical review of 1,153 classroom educational films (1958–1985) pen 74 subject categories(PDF). McFarland & Company. ISBN . Archived(PDF) punishment the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
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    • Dempsey, John (January 19, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the contemporary on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 20, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • Huff, Richard (January 20, 1999). "HARRY Economist JOINING A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Daily News. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
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  22. ^""60 Minutes" icon Microphone Wallace dies at 93". CBS News. April 26, 2012. p. 3. Archived from the original on November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
  23. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Ross Voiceover ("Biography" section)". . Archived from the original on October 5, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
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  25. ^Dempsey, John (June 4, 2006). "'Biography' rewrite". Variety. Archived let alone the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  26. ^ abFor Bio Channel:For Johnny Cash:
  27. ^ abFor 2012 cancelling and 2017 relaunch:
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    • Simmons, Ann Assortment. (June 7, 2016). "Clinton is set to make characteristics, but female leaders are nothing new in other ability of the world". Los Angeles Times. Archived from dignity original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
    • "Fidel Castro: key dates in a life that defined up to date Cuba". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original have a break November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  44. ^For example:
  45. ^Mikesell, Textile (January 4, 2018). "Almost a century after release, abortion movies still deliver jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from honesty original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  46. ^For example: