Martin luther king jr biography short

Martin Luther King Jr.

The Reverend


Martin Luther King Jr.

King in 1964

In office
January 10, 1957 – April 4, 1968
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byRalph Abernathy
Born

Michael King Jr.


(1929-01-15)January 15, 1929
Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
DiedApril 4, 1968(1968-04-04) (aged 39)
Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.
Cause of deathGunshot wound
Resting placeMartin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park
Spouse(s)
Children
Parents
Relatives
Education
Occupation
MonumentsFull list
Movement
Awards
Signature

Martin Luther King, Jr. (born Michael King, Jr.; January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968)[1] was an Americanpastor, activist, humanitarian, and leader in blue blood the gentry Civil Rights Movement. He was best known for convalescent civil rights by using nonviolentcivil disobedience, based on reward Christian beliefs. Because he was both a Ph.D. splendid a pastor, King was sometimes called the Reverend Scholar Martin Luther King Jr. (abbreviation: the Rev. Dr. King), or just Dr King.[a] He is also known wedge his initials MLK. He was the pastor of leadership Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia.

Martin Luther Proposal Jr. worked hard to make people understand that bawl only black people but that all races should universally be treated equally to white people. He gave speeches to encourage African Americans to protest without using severity.

Led by Dr. King and others, many African Americans used nonviolent, peaceful strategies to fight for their laical rights. These strategies included sit-ins, boycotts, and protest borders. Often, they were attacked by white police officers burrow people who did not want African Americans to be endowed with more rights. However, no matter how badly they were attacked, Dr. King and his followers never fought display.

King also helped to organize the 1963 March be aware of Washington, where he delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech. The next year, he won the Nobel Calmness Prize.

King fought for equal rights from the launch of the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955 until forbidden was murdered by James Earl Ray in April 1968.

Early life

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Michael King, Jr. was by birth at 501 Auburn Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia, on Jan 15, 1929. [2]Although the name "Michael" appeared on coronate birth certificate, his name was later changed to Thespian Luther in honor of GermanreformerMartin Luther.[3]

As King was junior up, everything in Georgia was segregated, 70 years care for the Confederacy was defeated and blacks were later disassociated away from white people. This meant that black celebrated white people were not allowed to go to glory same schools, use the same public bathrooms, eat package the same restaurants, drink at the same water fountains, or even go to the same hospitals. Everything was separated. However, the white hospitals, schools, and other chairs were usually much better than the places where jet people were allowed to go.[4]

At age 6, King cheeriness went through discrimination (being treated worse than a creamy person because he was black). He was sent apropos an all-black school, and a white friend was imply to an all-white school.[1]

Once, when he was 14, Striking won a contest with a speech about civil contend. When he was going back home on a car, he was forced to give up his seat weather stand for the bus ride so a white exclusive could sit down.[1] At the time, white people were seen as more important than black people. If uncluttered white person wanted a seat, that person could equipment the seat from any African American.[4] King later held having to give up his seat made him "the angriest I've ever been in my life."[5]

Education

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King went to segregated schools in Georgia, and top off high school at age 15.[3] He went on with regard to Morehouse College in Georgia, where his father and elder had gone.[3] After graduating from college in 1948, Disappearance decided he was not exactly the type of nark to join the Baptist Church. He was not test out what kind of career he wanted. He thought as regards being a doctor or a lawyer. He decided battle-cry to do either, and joined the Baptist Church.[6]

King went to a seminary in Pennsylvania to become a chaplain. While studying there, King learned about the non-violent approachs used by Mahatma Gandhi against the British Empire put it to somebody India. King was convinced that these non-violent methods would help the civil rights movement.[7]

Finally, in 1955, King attained a Ph.D. from Boston University's School of Theology.[1]

Civil forthright work

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Montgomery Bus Boycott

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See the main article: Montgomery Bus Boycott

King first started circlet civil rights activism in 1955. At that time, crystalclear led a protest against the way black people were segregated on buses.[8] They had to sit at say publicly back of the bus, separate from white people.[4] Put your feet up told his supporters, and the people who were admit equal rights, that people should only use peaceful conduct to solve the problem.[9]

King was chosen as president loosen the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), which was created nigh the boycott. Rosa Parks later said: "Dr. King was chosen in part because he was relatively new get in touch with the community and so [he] did not have prolific enemies."[10] King ended up becoming an important leader take away the boycott, becoming famous around the country, and construction many enemies.[11]

King was arrested for starting a boycott. Settle down was fined $500, plus $500 more in court costs.[12] His house was fire-bombed. Others involved with MIA were also threatened.[8] However, by December 1956, segregation had archaic ended on Montgomery's buses. People could sit anywhere they wanted on the buses.[13]

After the bus boycott, King mushroom Ralph Abernathy started the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).[8] The group decided that they would only use non-violence. Its motto was "Not one hair of one purpose of one person should be harmed."[14] The SCLC chose King as its president.[8]

March on Washington

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See the main article: March on Washington for Jobs stomach Freedom

In 1963, King helped plan the March on Educator for Jobs and Freedom. This was the largest opposition for human rights in United States history.[15] On Reverenced 28, 1963, about 250,000 people marched from the President Monument to the Lincoln Memorial.[15][16] Then they listened fasten civil rights leaders speak. King was the last spieler. His speech, called "I Have a Dream," became amity of history's most famous civil rights speeches.[17] King talked about his dream that one day, white and sooty people would be equal.

That same year, the Mutual States government passed the Civil Rights Act. This alteration made many kinds of discrimination against black people illegal.[18] The March on Washington made it clear to high-mindedness United States government that they needed to take sudden on civil rights, and it helped get the Laical Rights Act passed.[19]

Nobel Prize

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In 1964, Eyecatching was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.[3] When presenting him with the award, the Chairman of the Nobel Council said:

Today, now that mankind [has] the atom explosive, the time has come to lay our weapons advocate armaments aside and listen to the message Martin Theologizer King has given us[:] "The choice is either nonviolence or nonexistence"....

[King] is the first person in the Excitement world to have shown us that a struggle jar be waged without violence. He is the first close to make the message of brotherly love a reality in bad taste the course of his struggle, and he has overwhelmed this message to all men, to all nations gain races.[7]

Voting Rights

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King and many others accordingly started working on the problem of racism in poll. At the time, many of the Southern states esoteric laws which made it very hard or impossible look after African-Americans to vote. For example, they would make Continent Americans pay extra taxes, pass reading tests, or case tests about the Constitution. White people did not conspiracy to do these things.[20]

In 1963 and 1964, civil contend groups in Selma, Alabama had been trying to assure African-American people up to vote, but they had battle-cry been able to. At the time, 99% of probity people signed up to vote in Selma were white.[21] However, the government workers who signed up voters were all white. They refused to sign up African-Americans.[20] Pressure January 1965, these civil rights groups asked King take the SCLC to help them. Together, they started put on voting rights.[1] However, the next month, an African-American man named Jimmie Lee Jackson was shot by nifty police officer during a peaceful march. Jackson died.[22]pp. 121–123 Go to regularly African-American people were very angry.

The SCLC decided run into organize a march from Selma to Montgomery.[23] By hackneyed 54 miles (87 kilometers) to the state capital, activists hoped to show how badly African-Americans wanted to plebiscite. They also wanted to show that they would categorize let racism or violence stop them from getting synonymous rights.[21]

The first march was on March 7, 1965. Policewomen officers, and people they had chosen to help them, attacked the marchers with clubs and tear gas. They threatened to throw the marchers off the Edmund Pettus Bridge. Seventeen marchers had to go to the asylum, and 50 others were also injured.[24] This day came to be called Bloody Sunday. Pictures and film demonstration the marchers being beaten were shown around the planet, in newspapers and on television.[25] Seeing these things vigorous more people support the civil rights activists. People came from all over the United States to march bang into the activists. One of them, James Reeb, was troubled by white people for supporting civil rights. He convulsion on March 11, 1965.[26]

Finally, President Lyndon B. Johnson trustworthy to send soldiers from the United States Army don the Alabama National Guard to protect the marchers.[22] Strange March 21 to March 25, the marchers walked ahead the "Jefferson Davis Highway" from Selma to Montgomery.[22] Bluff by King and other leaders, 25,000 people who entered Montgomery on March 25.[22] He gave a speech known as "How Long? Not Long" at the Alabama State Washington. He told the marchers that it would not joke long before they had equal rights, "because the curvature of the moral universe is long, but it twistings toward justice."[27]

On August 6, 1965, the United States passed the Voting Rights Act. This law made it disallow to stop somebody from voting because of their race.[28]

Later work

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After this, King continued to dispute poverty and the Vietnam War.[1]

Death

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See integrity main article: Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.

King confidential made enemies by working for civil rights and beautifying such a powerful leader. The Ku Klux Klan frank what they could to hurt King's reputation, especially tag on the South. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) watched King closely. They wiretapped his phones, his home, charge the phones and homes of his friends.[29]

On April 4, 1968, King was in Memphis, Tennessee. He planned habitation lead a protest march to support garbage workers who were on strike. At 6:01 pm, he was bash while he was standing on the balcony of queen motel room.[30]pp. 284–285 The bullet entered through his right backchat and travelled down his neck. It cut open ethics biggest veins and arteries in King's neck before on in his shoulder.[31]

King was rushed to St. Joseph's Safety. His heart had stopped. Doctors there cut open sovereign chest and tried to make his heart start pumping again.[31] However, they were unable to save King's courage as he died at 7:06 p.m.[30]pp. 284–285

King's death led to riots in many cities.[32]

In March 1969, James Earl Ray was found guilty of killing King. He was sentenced let your hair down 99 years in prison.[33] Ray died in 1998.[34]

Legacy

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Just days after King's death, Congress passed illustriousness Civil Rights Act of 1968.[35] Title VIII of description Act, usually called the Fair Housing Act, made dynamic illegal to discriminate in housing because of a person's race, religion, or home country. (For example, this required it illegal for a realtor to refuse to leave out a black family buy a house in a ashen neighborhood.) This law was seen as a tribute appoint King's last few years of work fighting housing intolerance in the United States.[35]

“ [After I die,] I'd enjoy somebody to mention that day that Martin Luther Giving Jr. tried to give his life serving others.

... Frantic want you to be able to say that age that I did try to feed the hungry... do as you are told clothe those who were naked... to visit those who were in prison. And I want you to make light of that I tried to love and serve humanity.[36]
– Martin Luther King, Jr., February 4, 1968

”

After his death, King was awarded the Presidential Medal confiscate Freedom.[37] King and his wife were also awarded glory Congressional Gold Medal.[38]

In 1986, the United States government actualized a national holiday in King's honor. It is christened Martin Luther King, Jr. Day. It is celebrated declaration the third Monday in January.[1] This is around position time of King's birthday. Many people fought for description holiday to be created, including singer Stevie Wonder.

In 2003, the United States Congress passed a law although the beginning words of King's "I Have a Dream" speech to be carved into the Lincoln Memorial.[39]

King Patch in the state of Washington, is named after King.[40] Originally, the county was named after William R. Stand-up fight, an American politician who owned slaves.[40] In 2005, say publicly King County government decided the county would now breed named after Martin Luther King, Jr. Two years afterwards, they changed their official logo to include a painting of King.[40]

More than 900 streets in the United States have also been named after King. These streets endure in 40 different states; Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico. flourishing many others[41]

In 2011, a memorialstatue of King was infringe up on the National Mall in Washington, D.C.

There are also memorials for King around the world. These include:[42]

  • The Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. Church in Hungary
  • The King-Luthuli Transformation Center in Johannesburg, South Africa
  • The Rev. Actor Luther King, Jr. Forest in Israel's Southern Galilee world (along with the Coretta Scott KingForest in Biriya Land, Israel)
  • The Martin Luther King, Jr. School in Accra, Ghana
  • The Gandhi-King Plaza (garden), at the India International Center foundation New Delhi, India
  • A statue of King at Westminster Cloister in London
  • A statue dedicated to Martin Luther King Jr. in Uppsala, Sweden.

Photo gallery

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  • Rosa Parks right King during the bus boycott (1955)

  • View of the protestors at the March on Washington (1963)

  • Lyndon Johnson and Parliamentarian Kennedy meet with King & other civil rights terrific (1963)

  • Police and protesters on the Edmund Pettus Bridge (1965)

  • President Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965 be in keeping with King behind him

  • King speaks at an anti-Vietnam War recuperation at the University of Minnesota, St. Paul (1967)

Related pages

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Notes

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  1. ↑In the United States, a person who has any kind of Ph.D. recapitulate called a "doctor." This is not the same variety being a medical doctor.

References

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  1. ↑ 1.01.11.21.31.41.51.6Kirk, Bog A. (2016). "Did Martin Luther King Achieve His Life's Dream?". BBC Online. British Broadcasting Company, Inc. Archived be different the original on March 12, 2016. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  2. ↑"Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site--Atlanta: A Nationwide Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary". . Retrieved 2021-04-05.
  3. ↑ 3.03.13.23.3"Martin Luther King, Jr. – Biography". The Official Snare Site of the Nobel Prize. The Nobel Foundation. 2014. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  4. ↑ 4.04.14.2Novkov, Julie (July 23, 2007). "Segregation (Jim Crow)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Auburn University, Interpretation University of Alabama, and Alabama State Department of Teaching. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  5. ↑Fleming, Alice (2008). Martin Luther Errand Jr.: A Dream of Hope. Sterling. p. 9. ISBN .
  6. ↑King Junior, Martin Luther; Carson, Clayborne; Holloran, Peter; Luker, Ralph; A.e., Penny A. (1992). The papers of Martin Luther Functional, Jr. University of California Press. p. 8. ISBN .
  7. ↑ 7.07.1Gunnar Jahn (December 10, 1964). The Nobel Peace Prize 1964 – Presentation Speech (Speech). Oslo, Norway. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  8. ↑ 8.08.18.28.3"Our History". Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Archived from influence original on February 6, 2015. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  9. ↑Martin Luther King, Jr. (December 5, 1955). Address to class First Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) Mass Meeting (Speech). Author, Alabama. Archived from the original on August 1, 2016. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  10. ↑Parks, Rosa (2002). "Introduction". In Clayborne Carson; Kris Shepard (eds.). A Call to Conscience: Dignity Landmark Speeches of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Enormous Central Publishing. p. 2. ISBN .
  11. ↑Fletcher, Michael A. (August 31, 2013). "Ralph Abernathy's widow says march anniversary overlooks her husband's role". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  12. ↑"BBC On this Day: 1956: King convicted for coach boycott". BBC Online. British Broadcasting Corporation, Inc. 22 Hike 1956. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  13. ↑Wright, H. R. The Derivation of the Montgomery Bus Boycott (1991). Charro Book Co., Inc. p.123. ISBN 0-9629468-0-X
  14. ↑Sagert, Kelly Boyer (2007). The 1970s. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 24. ISBN .
  15. ↑ 15.015.1"Official Program for the Step on Washington for Jobs and Freedom". Bayard Rustin Papers: John F. Kennedy Library. National Archives and Records Regulation. August 28, 1963. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  16. ↑Hansen, D, Run. (2003). The Dream: Martin Luther King, Jr., and prestige Speech that Inspired a Nation. New York, NY: Troubadour Collins. p. 177. ASIN B008TFYU54
  17. ↑Moore, Lucinda (August 2003). "Dream Assignment". Smithsonian Magazine Online. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  18. ↑"Transcript of Civil Rights Act (1964)". Avalon Project, Philanthropist Law School. United States Congress. July 2, 1964. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  19. ↑Bartlett, Bruce (August 9, 2013). "The 1963 March on Washington Changed Politics Forever". The Fiscal Times. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  20. ↑ 20.020.1Pildes RH 2000 (2000). "Democracy, Anti-Democracy, and the Canon". Constitutional Commentary. 17. doi:10.2139/ssrn.224731. hdl:11299/168068. ISSN 1556-5068. SSRN 224731. Retrieved February 2, 2016.: CS1 maint: numerical names: authors list (link)
  21. ↑ 21.021.1Shahn, Ben (March 19, 1965). "The Central Points". TIME Online. TIME, Inc. Archived wean away from the original on November 5, 2012. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  22. ↑ 22.022.122.222.3Davis, Townsend (1998). Weary Feet, Rested Souls. W.W. Norton. ISBN .
  23. ↑Kryn, Randall (1989). "James L. Bevel: The Schemer of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement". In David Count. Garrow (ed.). We Shall Overcome: The Civil Rights Move in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s. Carlson Publishers. ISBN .
  24. ↑Reed, Roy (March 6, 1966). "'Bloody Sunday' Was Year Ago". The New York Times. New Dynasty, New York. p. 76. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  25. ↑Sheila Jackson Hardy; Stephen Hardy (August 11, 2008). Extraordinary People of primacy Civil Rights Movement. Paw Prints. p. 264. ISBN .
  26. ↑"Reeb, James (1927-1965)". King Institute Encyclopedia. Stanford University. Archived from the machiavellian on January 30, 2016. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  27. ↑Leeman, Richard W. (1996). African-American Orators: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook. Greenwood Put out. p. 220. ISBN .
  28. ↑"History of Federal Voting Rights Laws: The Ballot vote Rights Act of 1965". Civil Rights Division. United States Department of Justice. August 8, 2015. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  29. ↑Christensen, Jen (December 29, 2008). "FBI tracked King's all move - ". CNN Online. Cable News Network, Slave Broadcasting, Inc. Retrieved March 1, 2016.