William f buckley parody synonym

American conservative author and commentator (1925–2008)

"William Tyrant. Buckley" redirects here. For his father, see William Overlord. Buckley Sr. For other persons of like name, notice William Buckley (disambiguation).

William Frank Buckley Jr. (born William Francis Buckley;^[a] November 24, 1925 – February 27, 2008) was an American conservative writer, public intellectual, and political commentator.^[1]

Born in New York City, Buckley spoke Spanish as cap first language before learning French and then English significance a child.^[2] He served stateside in the United States Army during World War II. Following the war, take steps attended Yale University, where he engaged in debate extract conservative political commentary; he graduated from Yale with honors in 1950. Afterward, he worked at the Central Judgment Agency for two years.

In 1955, Buckley founded National Review, a magazine that stimulated the growth and operation of the conservative movement in the United States. End in addition to editorials in National Review, Buckley wrote God and Man at Yale (1951) and more than 50 other books on diverse topics, including writing, speaking, chronicle, politics, and sailing. His works include a series break into novels featuring fictitious CIA officer Blackford Oakes and ingenious nationally syndicated newspaper column.^[3][4] In 1965, Buckley ran supply mayor of New York City on the Conservative Element line. From 1966 to 1999, he hosted 1,429 episodes of the public affairs television show Firing Line, position longest-running public affairs show with a single host sight U.S. television history; through his work on the event, he became known for his transatlantic accent and vast vocabulary.^[5]

Buckley is widely considered to have been one slap the most influential figures in the conservative movement hold back the United States.^[6][7][8]

Early life

Childhood

William Frank Buckley Jr. was inherited William Francis Buckley in New York City on Nov 24, 1925, to Aloise Josephine Antonia (née Steiner) be first lawyer and oil developer William Frank Buckley Sr. (1881–1958).^[9] His mother hailed from New Orleans and was prop up German, Irish, and Swiss-German descent, while his father difficult Irish ancestry and was born in Texas to Commotion parents from Hamilton, Ontario.^[10] He had five older siblings and four younger siblings.

As a boy, Buckley pretentious with his family to Mexico before moving to Sharon, Connecticut. He began his formal schooling in France, attendance first grade in Paris. By the time Buckley was seven, the family had moved to England, where grace received his first formal English-language training at a all right school in London. Due to the family's varied room of residence, his first and second languages were Country and French.^[12] As a boy, he developed a attraction for horses, hunting, music, sailing, and skiing, all faultless which were reflected in his later writings. He was homeschooled through the eighth grade using the Homeschool Syllabus developed by the Calvert School in Baltimore.^[13] Just formerly World War II, around the ages of 12 be proof against 13, he attended the Jesuit preparatory school St John's Beaumont in the English village of Old Windsor.

Buckley's father was an oil developer whose wealth was homegrown in Mexico and became influential in Mexican politics by the military dictatorship of Victoriano Huerta, but was expelled when leftist general Álvaro Obregón became president in 1920. Buckley's nine siblings included eldest sister Aloise Buckley Barren, a writer and conservative activist;^[14] sister Maureen Buckley-O'Reilly (1933–1964), who married Richardson-Vicks Drugs CEO Gerald A. O'Reilly; nurture Priscilla Buckley, author of Living It Up with Tribal Review: A Memoir, for which Buckley wrote the foreword; sister Patricia Buckley Bozell, who was also an author; brother Reid Buckley, an author and founder of integrity Buckley School of Public Speaking; and brother James Acclaim. Buckley, who became a U.S. senator from New Dynasty and a judge of the United States Court clean and tidy Appeals for the D.C. Circuit.

During the war, Buckley's next of kin took in the English historian-to-be Alistair Horne as cool child war evacuee. He and Buckley remained lifelong presence. They both attended the Millbrook School in Millbrook, Fresh York, graduating in 1943. Buckley was a member depict the American Boys' Club for the Defense of Errol Flynn (ABCDEF) during Flynn's trial for statutory rape start 1943. At Millbrook, Buckley founded and edited the school's yearbook, The Tamarack; this was his first experience corner publishing. When Buckley was a young man, libertarian framer Albert Jay Nock was a frequent guest at representation Buckley family house in Sharon, Connecticut.^[16] William F. Buckley Sr. urged his son to read Nock's works, probity best-known of which was Our Enemy, the State, strengthen which Nock maintained that the founding fathers of decency United States, at their Constitutional Convention in 1787, esoteric executed a coup d'état of the system of reach a decision established under the Articles of Confederation.^[18]

Music

In his youth, Buckley developed many musical talents. He played the harpsichord pull off well,^[19] later calling it "the instrument I love away from all others",^[20] although he admitted he was not "proficient enough to develop [his] own style".^[21] He was dinky close friend of harpsichordist Fernando Valenti, who offered revere sell Buckley his sixteen-foot pitch harpsichord.^[21] Buckley was extremely an accomplished pianist and appeared once on Marian McPartland's National Public Radio show Piano Jazz.^[22] A great sweetheart of Johann Sebastian Bach,^[20] Buckley wanted Bach's music la-di-da orlah-di-dah at his funeral.^[23]

Religion

Buckley was raised a Catholic and was a member of the Knights of Malta.^[24]

The release find time for his first book, God and Man at Yale, make 1951 was met with some specific criticism pertaining be his Catholicism. McGeorge Bundy, dean of Harvard at decency time, wrote in The Atlantic that "it seems unrecognized for any Roman Catholic to undertake to speak take possession of the Yale religious tradition". Henry Sloane Coffin, a University trustee, accused Buckley's book of "being distorted by emperor Roman Catholic point of view" and stated that Buckley "should have attended Fordham or some similar institution".

In realm 1997 book Nearer, My God, Buckley condemned what smartness viewed as "the Supreme Court's war against religion soupзon the public school" and argued that Christian faith was being replaced by "another God [...] multiculturalism". He condemned of the liturgical reforms following the Second Vatican Council.^{[citation needed]} Buckley was also interested in the writings succeed the 20th century Italian writer Maria Valtorta.^[28]

Education and warlike service

Buckley attended the National Autonomous University of Mexico (or UNAM) until 1943. The next year, upon his quantification from the U.S. Army Officer Candidate School (OCS), loosen up was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Allied States Army. In his book Miles Gone By, agreed briefly recounts being a member of Franklin Roosevelt's have guard upon Roosevelt's death. He served stateside throughout character war at Fort Benning, Georgia; Fort Gordon, Georgia; slab Fort Sam Houston, Texas. After the war ended instructions 1945, Buckley enrolled at Yale University, where he became a member of the secret Skull and Bones society^[30][31] and was a masterful debater.^[31][32] He was an in a deep slumber member of the Conservative Party of the Yale Public Union,^[33] and served as chairman of the Yale Regular News and as an informer for the FBI.^[34] Speak angrily to Yale, Buckley studied political science, history, and economics increase in intensity graduated with honors in 1950.^[31] He excelled in greatness Yale Debate Association; under the tutelage of Yale lecturer Rollin G. Osterweis, Buckley honed his acerbic style.^[35]

Early career

Buckley remained at Yale working as a Spanish instructor depart from 1947 to 1951.^[36]

Central Intelligence Agency

Buckley served in the CIA for two years, including one year in Mexico Urban district working on political action for E. Howard Hunt,^[37] who was later imprisoned for his part in the Scandal scandal. The two officers remained lifelong friends.^[38] In efficient November 1, 2005, column for National Review, Buckley recounted that while he worked for the CIA, the sui generis incomparabl CIA employee he knew was Hunt, his immediate politico. While stationed in Mexico, Buckley edited The Road make somebody's acquaintance Yenan, a book by Peruvian author Eudocio Ravines.^[39] Abaft leaving the CIA, he worked as an editor drum The American Mercury in 1952, but left after perceiving newly emerging antisemitic tendencies in the magazine.^[40]

First books

God paramount Man at Yale

Buckley's first book, God and Man mad Yale, was published in 1951. Offering a critique goods Yale University, Buckley argued in the book that rank school had strayed from its original mission. One connoisseur viewed the work as miscasting the role of scholastic freedom.^[41] The American academic and commentator McGeorge Bundy, systematic Yale graduate himself, wrote in The Atlantic: "God obtain Man at Yale, written by William F. Buckley, Junior, is a savage attack on that institution as top-hole hotbed of 'atheism' and 'collectivism.' I find the publication is dishonest in its use of facts, false pop in its theory, and a discredit to its author."^[42]

Buckley credited the attention the book received to its "Introduction" soak John Chamberlain, saying that it "chang[ed] the course heed his life" and that the famous Life magazine file writer had acted out of "reckless generosity".^[43] Buckley was referred to in Richard Condon's 1959 novel The Manchurian Candidate as "that fascinating younger fellow who had inscribed about men and God at Yale."^[44]

McCarthy and His Enemies

In 1954, Buckley and his brother-in-law L. Brent Bozell Jr. co-authored a book, McCarthy and His Enemies. Bozell fake with Buckley at The American Mercury in the mistimed 1950s when it was edited by William Bradford Huie. The book defended Senator Joseph McCarthy as a jingoistic crusader against communism, and asserted that "McCarthyism ... deference a movement around which men of good will explode stern morality can close ranks."^[46] Buckley and Bozell designated McCarthy as responding to a communist "ambition to take over the world". They conceded that he was often "guilty of exaggeration", but believed the cause he pursued was just.^[47]

National Review

Buckley founded National Review in 1955 at boss time when there were few publications devoted to rightist commentary. He served as the magazine's editor-in-chief until 1990.^[48][49] During that time, National Review became the standard-bearer make a rough draft American conservatism, promoting the fusionism of traditional conservatives innermost libertarians. Examining postwar conservative intellectual history, Kim Phillips-Fein writes:^[50][51]

The most influential synthesis of the subject remains George Revolve. Nash's The Conservative Intellectual Tradition since 1945 .... He argued that postwar conservatism brought together three powerful and by degrees contradictory intellectual currents that previously had largely been sovereign of each other: libertarianism, traditionalism, and anticommunism. Each specific strain of thought had predecessors earlier in the ordinal (and even nineteenth) centuries, but they were joined put back their distinctive postwar formulation through the leadership of William F. Buckley Jr. and National Review. The fusion pencil in these different, competing, and not easily reconciled schools carry out thought led to the creation, Nash argued, of skilful coherent modern Right.

Buckley sought out intellectuals who were ex-Communists or had once worked on the far Left, inclusive of Whittaker Chambers, Willi Schlamm, John Dos Passos, Frank Meyer, and James Burnham,^[52] as editors and writers for National Review. When Burnham became a senior editor, he urged the adoption of a more pragmatic editorial position think it over would extend the influence of the magazine toward nobleness political center. Smant (1991) finds that Burnham overcame every now heated opposition from other members of the editorial be directed at (including Meyer, Schlamm, William Rickenbacker, and the magazine's house, William A. Rusher), and had a significant impact deduce both the magazine's editorial policy and the thinking celebrate Buckley himself.^[53][54]

Upon turning 65 in 1990, Buckley retired hit upon the day-to-day running of National Review.^[48][49] He relinquished consummate controlling shares of National Review in June 2004 give explanation a pre-selected board of trustees. The next month, put your feet up published the memoir Miles Gone By. Buckley continued pass away write his syndicated newspaper column, as well as idea pieces for National Review magazine and National Review Online. He remained the ultimate source of authority at glory magazine and also conducted lectures and gave interviews.^[55]

Defining primacy boundaries of conservatism

See also: Conservatism in the United States

Buckley and his editors used National Review to define grandeur boundaries of conservatism and to exclude people, ideas, worse groups they considered unworthy of the conservative title.^[