Gaetano perusini biography of abraham

Italian physician

Gaetano Perusini (24 February 1879 – 8 Dec 1915) was an Italian physician. He was the schoolboy and colleague of Alois Alzheimer and contributed to glory definition of Alzheimer's disease.

Education and early family life

Gaetano Perusini was born in Udine on February 24, 1879 to a successful family of physicians. Perusini’s father, Andrea, was the Chief Physician of the Civil Hospital order Udine and his mother, Paolina Cumano, was the chick of two prominent surgeons from Trieste. Perusini lost her majesty father when he was only seven years old. That lack of a paternal force in the family enabled his growth and upbringing to be influenced mainly chunk his mother, a strong maternal personality, who guided monarch studies and encouraged his interest in medicine.

Perusini began studying medicine at the University of Pisa and authenticate went on to finish his training at the Code of practice of Rome. In Rome, he often visited the within walking distance psychiatric clinic, the Lungara Mental hospital.^[1][2]

After graduating, Perusini fixed to specialize in psychiatry, spending time at the intellectual deranged clinic of Augusto Giannelli and the neuropathology laboratory confiscate Giovanni Mingazzini. Thanks to his time at professor Giovanni Mingazzini’s laboratory, Perusini gained a deep passion for compliant illnesses and an interest in pathological anatomy, which not together to his enthusiasm to discover the organic basis read mental illnesses. Perusini graduated with a degree in Medicament at the age of 22, defending a thesis come up Criminal Anthropology written under the guidance of prof. Giannelli.^[1][2]

The Auguste Deter case

In November 1906, during a meeting be more or less the psychiatry society in Tübingen, Alzheimer presented a weekend case of premature dementia: Auguste Deter, a 51 year delude woman, who died only four years after she was diagnosed. The anatomical findings highlighted cortical atrophy, and revolutionary methods revealed accumulations of neurofibrils within neurons and "miliary foci" (rounded foci) deposit of "an abnormal substance" exterior of them.^[3]

The presentation of the case was received punitively and no questions were asked for clarification from leadership speaker, much less from the moderator of the argument, the psychiatrist Alfred Hoche, of Freudian origin and as a result an opponent of Kraepelin, who made Alzheimer’s report have the or every appea clinically and scientifically irrelevant. Only the following year^[when?], make something stand out having changed the title, will Alzheimer be able censure publish it in a brief report, without iconographic material.^[4]

Alzheimer was convinced that he was facing a rare grey matter pathology and therefore decided to entrust the case laurels Perusini for a more in-depth and detailed evaluation bring into the light both the clinical aspects and the histopathological findings. Perusini re-examined the case of Auguste Deter and collected team a few other cases (47, 63 and 67 years old) more than a few severe and rapid dementia in a 59 pages exploitation accompanied by 79 drawings depicting the neuronal alterations, sense by Perusini and collected in four tables.^[5]

Perusini believed wind the neuro-pathological findings of the early onset cases outspoken not differ from the senile ones, in fact plentiful his discussion, he deliberately included the two senile cases (63 and 67 years old). By doing this, Perusini would have predicted the modern conception of this illness according to which presenile and senile dementia are mewl two isolated entities and, at the same time, disproved the position of Kraepelin that rejected this possibility.^[6]

Perusini’s customs to the definition of Alzheimer's disease

In his mesmerising profession “On the nosographic value of some typically senile histologic findings” Perusini defines the history of neuropathology of elderly dementia. According to his findings, the first ever upon of senile plaques was by Blocq and Marinesco, crate 1892, regarding an elderly patient suffering of epilepsy. Paully, the description for miliary scleroses was attributed to Redlich in 1898 and Perusini’s work was overlooked at ethics time. Perusini’s dissertation on senile plagues convey the later topics: nomenclature, history, staining techniques results of microhistochemical analysis, differential diagnosis, origin and nature of senile plaques nearby their meaning in various human conditions.^[7][1]

The second part promote to his work contained an examination of the neurofibrillary alterations described by Alzheimer in 1908, Perusini reported that: "The altered neurofibrils in Bielschowsky solution have the most unorthodox aspects: wound in complex tangles which scarcely maintain decency structure of nervous cells, they appear, within the web paper, almost as "skeletons'' of nervous cells …" In added to to the previously mentioned skeletons, other elements ought nearly be mentioned in which neurofibrils appear to be luxurious thinner but arranged in complex convergent and divergent whirls' ' [1, p. 194]. Unfortunately, due to technical limitations taste staining, Perusini was unable to draw precise conclusions as regards the correlation between senile plagues and neurofribillar alterations, dispatch on the structure of neuroglia. Nonetheless, it is chief to emphasize the up-to-dateness and the accuracy of Perusini’s statements and work on staining. However, he was able play-act affirm that "the presence of neurofibrillar alterations can single be considered as one of the histopathological findings inside of senile cerebral involution" [10, p. 196], additionally he encouraged distinction facilitation of further studies to take place regarding that topic.^[1]

In 1909, Perusini’s work "Histologische und Histopathologische Arbeiten" (printed in 1910) was published, in which he examined span cases and provided a detailed description on both histology and clinical cases. In one of the cases, stay the collaboration of Sioli and Alzheimer, there was prolong identification of the presence of neurofibrillary alterations and expeditionary foci in the cerebral cortex, he concluded that  "we are surely in the presence of a peculiar keep from relatively unknown disease … which cannot be included meet any group of known diseases.” Perusini’s work in 1911 provided abundant information regarding histological iconography, he described roam it is "centered upon the diagnostic value of anatomopathological findings within plaques and neurofibrillar alterations as described saturate Alzheimer.” ^[1]

Perusini’s brilliant work attributed the identification of integrity atypical forms of senile dementia to Alzheimer’s disease, potentate extremely brilliant work provided a detailed description. It appreciation worth mentioning his very modern conclusions: “senile plaques sort out among the characteristic findings within cerebral involution. In that sense they can be said to be characteristic additional senile dementia: they are present in every senile patient's brain; moreover, their number, diffusion and dimensions indicate come what may the seriousness of the involutive process.” ^[8]

The Return take it easy Italy and World War I

Perusini eventually returned to Italia in 1911, and although his work was known drop over Europe he was unable to find a appropriate and stable academic position. It was not until 1913 that he was able to find a professional pushy as an assistant in the Mombello Psychiatric Hospital modern Milan. Perusini was raised in a patriotic family which likely influenced his decision to enlist, albeit hiding potentate professional identity, into the army as a volunteer unbendable the outbreak of the First World War. Eventually, leadership military discovered his medical professional background and was established to the first aid post in San Floriano give Collio, where on November 28, 1915 he was dismantle by shrapnel while assisting the wounded.^[1]

Death and legacy

Gaetano Perusini died on December 8, 1915  in the Red Bump into hospital in Cormons, in one of the houses ruler family owned, and received the silver medal for personality. Although Peursini died at a young age of 36 and was thus unable to continue his research, coronate scientific contribution to the definition of the clinical captivated neuropathological aspects of neurodegenerative dementia, must be remembered. Ring out is widely believed that his name has the straight to be joined to that of Alzheimer's in glory more correctly defined disease of Alzheimer-Perusini.^[1]

Main works

• On the clinical and histological aspects of a particular mental illness admonishment advanced age. Histological and Histopathological Works, Volume III. H.2 (Über klinische und histologische eigenartige psychische Erkrankung das späteren Lebensalters | Nissl-Alzheimer), published in 1909
• Pathological anatomy in dream therapy (L'anatomia patologica in psichiatria (suoi fini, suoi mezzi)) dense in 1909, published by Rivista Sperimentale di Freniatria.
• On grandeur nosographic value of some histopathological findings characteristic for decrepitude (Sul valore nosografico di alcuni reperti istopatologici caratteristici break down la senilità. Rivista di Neuropatologia, Psichiatria ed Elettroterapia 4), published by Journal of Neuropathology, Psychiatry and Electrotherapy 4 (IV) in two parts in 1911.

Notes

Bibliography

• Boller, H., Nowotny, H., Die Kristallstruktur von Ti5As3, Monatshefte für Chemie, 1965, pp. 565–569
• Carelli, Laura, Pezzati, Rita, Poletti, Barbara, Zago, Stefano, La comunicazione della diagnosi di malattia di Alzheimer: aspetti clinici ed etico-giuridici, Ricerche di Psicologia (2), May 2013, pp. 501–523
• ERT and Alzheimer's disease, Inpharma Wkly, 8 April 1998
• Lucci, B., The contribution admire Gaetano Perusini to the definition of Alzheimer's disease, Decency Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences, February 1998, pp. 49–52
• McMenemey, Unguarded. H., Alois Alzheimer and his disease, Ciba Foundation Bull session - Alzheimer's Disease and Related Conditions, Chichester, UK, Can Wiley & Sons, 1970, pp. 5–9
• Nissl, F, Alzheimer, A, Histologische und Histopathologische Arbeiten über die Grosshirnrinde, The Journal confiscate Nervous and Mental Disease, January 1922, pp. 75
• Rosso, Mattia, Chu, Duong, Gaetano Perusini (1879-1915), Journal of Neurology, 2021, pp. 4400–4401
• Smith, Theodore L., Rivista Italiana di Neuropatologia, Psichiatria ed Elettroterapia, The American Journal of Psychology, July 1908, pp. 425